Giuseppe
Anastasi
Profesorul Giuseppe Anastasi, profesor titular de Anatomie umana la Facultatea de Medicina si Chirurgie a Universitatii de Studii din Messina în anul universitar 1990/1991; din 1995 este coordonator al cursului integral de Anatomie umana normala.
Din 1998 pana în martie 2005 este presedintele cursului Laurea în Odontologie si Protetica dentara. Este membru al Societatii italiene de Anatomie, al Societatii italiene de Histochimie, al Grupului International pentru cercetare stiintifica în Stomatologie si Odontologie (GIRSO), fiind responsabil cu trezoreria si alte societati stiintifice.
Este autorul a cca 180 de publicatii, o mare parte dintre ele fiind articole pentru reviste de prestigiu international. O mare parte din tematica muncii sale este orientata asupra domeniilor de cercetare privind studiul musculaturii scheletice si cardiace, ca particole rafinate ale proteinelor de constituie complexul distrofina-glicoproteina asociata si sistemul vinculina-talina-integrine, implicate, printre altele, în aparitia ca principal factor în distrofia musculara.
Publicatiile sale sunt orientate si spre alte studii de Neuroanatomie, cu atentie particulara asupra nucleilor bazali si ai posturii si alte studii ale smaltului dentar.
Mecanisme ale controlului postural
Posture is the total position of body and joints, one with other, and their position regard to neighbouring space. In details, the posture is the position of body segments one with other and in the context of outside ambient. Motor systems, besides, must to take into account of distribution of body mass and to made postural adjustments characteristic of particular movements effectuated.
In order to execute each single movement, it is necessary to effect postural adjustments which must be integrated with voluntary movement. The postural adjustments made up important behavioural roles, they support head and body against the force of gravity, they maintain the centre of body mass balanced at inner of stay base and, finally, they balance body segments which act as support when other segments are in movement.
The postural adjustments are made up through two mechanisms: anticipatory mechanism, o feed-forward mechanisms, and compensatory mechanisms, or feed-back mechanisms. The anticipatory mechanisms generate preprogrammate responses which contribute at stability and are anticipatory at regard to beginning of voluntary movements. The compensatory mechanisms are extremely rapid responses; these responses are also improved by exercise and learning.
All these movements are induced by cutaneous, vestibular, muscular and visual receptors. Besides, in order to integrate the posture, the postural responses utilize cortical, troncoencephalic and spinal circuits.
The cerebral cortex is responsible of anticipatory mechanisms which are evocated by visual receptors. The troncoencephalic circuits are represented by medial indirect system, vestibulum-spinal systems, reticulum-spinal system and tectum-spinal system, which controls proximal muscles, and by lateral indirect system, rubrum-spinal, which controls distal muscles utilized during execution of movement.
Spinal circuits play a key role in the execution of all movements, since they are more simple expression of movement direct about an aim. Besides, the adaptation of postural control requires the integrity of cerebellum which acts as comparator in order to correct the errors of movements comparing the intention with execution.
